Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microbial fuel cell (MFC) with embedded micropillar electrodes. This MFC is characterized by a flexible and biocompatible structure suitable for body implantation as a potential power source for implanted bioMEMS devices. The MFC is biocatalyzed by a microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which converts chemical energy stored in glucose in the blood stream to electrical energy. The MFC is a laminate design, consisting of 0.2-mum-thick gold-evaporated PDMS anode and cathode separated by a Nafion 117 proton exchange membrane. These electrode surfaces feature more than 70 000 8- mum-high micropillar structures in a 1.2-cmtimes1.0-cm geometric area. The MFC is encapsulated by PDMS and has an overall size of 1.7 cm times 1.7 cm times 0.2 cm and a net weight of less than 0.5 g. Compared with recent silicon micromachined MFCs working in a phosphate buffer medium, the presented MFC with its micropillar structure showed a 4.9 times increase in average current density and a 40.5 times increase in average power density when operated at identical conditions. Using 15-muL droplet of human plasma, containing 4.2-mM blood glucose, the PDMS MFC demonstrated a maximum open circuit potential (OCP) of 488.1 mV, maximum current density of 30.2 muA/cm2, and a maximum power density of 401.2 nW/cm2. When the MFC operated continuously for 60 min, it showed an average OCP of 297.4 mV, average current density at 4.3 muA/cm2, and average power density of 42.4 nW/cm2at 1-kOmega load. The coulombic efficiency of electron conversion from blood glucose was 14.7%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".