Structure of Electrical Double Layer at Mica/KI Solution Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid/liquid interfaces control many physical and chemical processes such as electrokinetic phenomena, dispersion of colloidal particles, heteroepitaxial growth of alkali halide, removal of toxic elements in water. The atomic distribution at solid/liquid interfaces is strongly correlated with these properties, and understanding these atomic structures is necessary in order to establish the fundamental physics and chemistry of solid/liquid interfaces. In this study, we investigated the structure of interfaces of mica with aqueous KI solution using surface x-ray scattering. The sub-angstrom-scale electron density profile of the interface is revealed as a function of the distance normal to the interface. The electron density of the KI solution oscillates to remain 10 Å away from the surfaces. The oscillations are interpreted in terms of the adsorbed hydrated K+ ions, adsorbed water molecules, and water molecules surrounding the hydrated ions. The adsorbed K+ ions are present as inner sphere complexes and the number is enough to compensate the negatively charged mica surface. No significant difference appeared between the surface x-ray scattering profiles of the KCl and KI solution interfaces, indicating that their interfacial structures are similar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".