Mechanism of partial adaptation in airway smooth muscle after a step change in length
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phenomenon of length adaptation in airway smooth muscle (ASM) is well documented; however, the underlying mechanism is less clear. Evidence to date suggests that the adaptation involves reassembly of contractile filaments, leading to reconfiguration of the actin filament lattice and polymerization or depolymerization of the myosin filaments within the lattice. The time courses for these events are unknown. To gain insights into the adaptation process, we examined ASM mechanical properties and ultrastructural changes during adaptation. Step changes in length were applied to isolated bundles of ASM cells; changes in force, shortening velocity, and myosin filament mass were then quantified. A greater decrease in force was found following an acute decrease in length, compared with that of an acute increase in length. A decrease in myosin filament mass was also found with an acute decrease in length. The shortening velocity measured immediately after the length change was the same as that measured after the muscle had fully adapted to the new length. These observations can be explained by a model in which partial adaptation of the muscle leads to an intermediate state in which reconfiguration of the myofilament lattice occurred rapidly, followed by a relatively slow process of polymerization of myosin filaments within the lattice. The partially adapted intermediate state is perhaps more physiologically relevant than the fully adapted state seen under static conditions, and it simulates a more realistic behavior for ASM in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".