Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction Alters Protein Expression Within the Cavernosal Tissue in an Animal Model
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent and often untreated condition. It may be a marker of underlying chronic illness and negatively impacts quality of life. Penile arterial insufficiency, frequently found in association with hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, pelvic irradiation, trauma, and smoking, is the most common cause of ED. AIM: This study was designed to measure the effect of penile hypoperfusion-induced alteration and injury on erectile tissue at the cellular and protein level. METHODS: Eighteen 4-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into three groups (n = 6): sham surgery, unilateral internal iliac artery ligation (UIIAL), and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIIAL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Erectile function was assessed 4 weeks following arterial ligation surgery as measured by a rise in intracavernosal pressure induced by cavernosal nerve stimulation. Penile tissue alterations were characterized by immunohistochemistry, protein content measured by western blot, and "global" protein expression profile carried out by using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) ProteinChip technology. RESULTS: Significantly lower intracavernous pressures were demonstrated in animals subjected to UIIAL surgery, which correlated to the extent of artery ligation. The intensity and quantity of immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial cell integrity, smooth muscle cell alpha-actin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor flk1 were decreased in the BIIAL group compared to sham controls. SELDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed changes in molecular expression of a approximately 6,560 Da protein relative to a 7,720 Da protein (peak ratio = 1.34 +/- 0.3, BIIAL; 0.36 +/- 0.1 controls, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this report, an animal model of vascular penile insufficiency demonstrates altered protein expression associated with cavernosal tissue injury and reduced erectile function. Although the clinical significance of these observations is currently undefined, this model may allow greater insight into the complex biologic changes associated with arteriogenic ED in man.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it