The Scramble for Lugard House: Ethnic Identity Politics and Recurring Tensions in Kogi State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Successive Nigerian constitutions have always sought to legally prevent identities such as ethnic, religion, and regionalism from being the basis of political organisation and contest for state power. In Kogi state, Nigeria, the reality of the situation has been, however, far from its outward appearance. This is because, ethnic identity politics have not only proved to be resilient, but a in a wave of resurgence, have fast become a common feature in its body politics leading to incessant ethno-factionalism and tension in the state. This article explores the linkage between the nature of Nigerian democracy, ethnic identity politics, and escalating ethnic tensions in Kogi State. The central argument of this article is that, the political elites’ notion of democracy, and the prevailing political culture of winner-takes-all, combined to exacerbate ethnic identity politics and the ethnic tensions in Kogi state. The article concludes that, ethno-identity politics and tensions are not particular to Kogi state, but a culture that is inherently in Nigerian body politics. Key words: Ethnic; identity; Politic; Tension; Statebuilding; Ebira; Igala; Okun; Kogi State; Nigeria Resume Les constitutions successives nigerianes ont toujours cherche a empecher legalement les identites comme ethnique, la religion, et le regionalisme d'etre la base de l'organisation politique et lutte pour le pouvoir d'Etat. Dans l'Etat de Kogi, au Nigeria, la realite de la situation a ete, cependant, loin de son apparence exterieure. Ceci est parce que, la politique d'identite ethniques ont non seulement prouve pour etre resilients, mais une par une vague de resurgence, ont rapidement devenu une caracteristique commune dans sa politique du corps conduisant a l'ethno-factions incessante et la tension dans l'etat. Cet article explore le lien entre la nature de la democratie nigeriane, la politique d'identite ethnique, et l'escalade des tensions ethniques dans l'Etat de Kogi. L'argument central de cet article est que, la notion des elites politiques de la democratie, et la culture politique dominante du winner-take-all, combinee a exacerber la politique d'identite ethniques et les tensions ethniques dans l'Etat de Kogi. L'article conclut que, ethno-politique identitaire et les tensions ne sont pas particuliere a l'Etat de Kogi, mais une culture qui est intrinsequement dans le corps politique du Nigeria. Mots-cles: Ethnique; Identite; Politique; Tension; Construction de l'Etat; Ebira; Igala; Okun; l'Etat de Kogi; Nigeria
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".