Bibliographic record
Abstract
The basement excavation of the Singapore Post Center involved extensive jet-grouting to improve the soft marine clay present within the excavation. The treated soil mass, with much improved strength and deformation characteristics, was intended to act as an internal strut below the bottom of the excavation level, reducing movements caused by the basement excavation. This paper presents the performance of a well-instrumented field jet-grouting trial during the construction of the building basement. Results of monitoring suggest that the jet-grouting trial caused the retaining diaphragm walls and the adjacent soils immediately behind and at some distance away from the walls to move away from the jet-grouted area. The maximum free field lateral soil movements in the excavation side of the jet-grouted mass were much larger than the corresponding lateral movements behind the wall. The results suggest that the diaphragm wall provided considerable restraint, thereby reducing the lateral movements of the soil behind the wall induced by the jet-grouting. Bending moments were induced in the diaphragm walls due to the jet-grouting work. The jet-grouting also caused some increase in the lateral earth pressure and the piezometric levels.Key words: jet-grouting, ground improvement, diaphragm wall, ground movements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".