Reduction in Atrial Flutter Ablation Time by Targeting Maximum Voltage: Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is an established therapy for typical atrial flutter. Previous studies have demonstrated that the CTI is often composed of discrete muscle bundles, and evidence has suggested that these bundles correlate with high-voltage local electrograms in the tricuspid isthmus. This randomized, multicenter clinical trial was designed to prospectively compare the hypothesis that a maximum voltage-guided (MVG) technique targets critical conducting bundles in the isthmus, as reflected by a reduction in ablation requirements compared to the anatomical approach to atrial flutter ablation. METHODS: Bidirectional block was achieved in patients undergoing ablation for typical atrial flutter using 1 of 2 randomly assigned methods. The anatomical approach produced a contiguous line of ablation lesions from the inferior aspect of the tricuspid annulus to the inferior vena cava using a standard method. The MVG technique sequentially targeted the maximum voltage local electrograms in the CTI along a similar line. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were randomized, with mean age 63 +/- 10 and 58 (84%) male. Among patients in the anatomic group (n = 34), mean ablation time was 11.2 +/- 7.5 minutes compared to 5.9 +/- 3.3 in the MVG group (n = 35) (P = 0.0026). A mean of 14.2 +/- 9.7 ablation lesions were created in the anatomic group, and 7.9 +/- 4.8 in the MVG group (P = 0.0042). CONCLUSIONS: Ablation for atrial flutter using an MVG technique results in significantly less ablation requirements than the traditional approach, potentially by concentrating ablation lesions on the muscle bundles responsible for transisthmus conduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".