Effects of Caloric Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Proton Leak in Aging Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term caloric restriction (CR) retards aging processes and increases maximum life span. We investigated the influence of CR on mitochondrial proton leaks in rat skeletal muscle. Because CR lowers oxidative damage to mitochondrial membrane lipids and proteins, we hypothesized that leak would be lower in mitochondria from old CR rats than in age-matched controls. Three groups (n = 12) were studied: 4-month-old "young" control rats (body weight: 404 g +/- 7 SEM), 33-month-old CR rats (body weight: 262 g +/- 3), and 33-month-old control rats (body weight: 446 g +/- 5). CR rats received 67% of the energy intake of old control rats, with adequate intakes of all essential nutrients. Maximum leak-dependent O2 consumption (State 4) was 23% lower in CR rats than in age-matched controls, whereas protonmotive force values were similar, supporting our hypothesis. The overall kinetics of leak were similar between the two groups of old rats; in the young, kinetics indicated higher protonmotive force values. The latter indication is consistent with aging-induced alterations in proton leak kinetics that are independent of dietary intervention. There was no influence of age or diet on serum T4 level, whereas T3 was lower in young than in old control rats. These results support and extend the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".