Synthesis of “Sugar-Rods” with Phytohemagglutinin Cross-Linking Properties by Using the Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction has been applied for the syntheses of divalent "sugar-rods" which exhibited excellent lectin cross-linking properties. The procedure, which involves a tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between an alkyne and a halogen-bearing sp2-carbon in DMF at 60 degrees C, is very efficient and the dimeric or heterobifunctional "sugar-rods" (8-13, 15-17) were isolated in 65-100% yields. Dimers 8a and 15a were both shown to form insoluble cross-linked lattices when mixed with the tetrameric plant lectin from Canavalia ensiformis (Concavalin A, Con A). Moreover, the relative inhibitory properties of the synthetic dimannosides were determined by means of the hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes, whereby dimer 15a was shown to be 20-fold more potent than monomeric methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".