Characterization of the gel phases formed in the synthesis of microporous gallophosphate, cloverite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work examines the formation of a microporous gallophosphate with an extra large pore system, namely cloverite (structure type: CLO) in fluoride medium. The amorphous gallophosphate gel containing the key precursor to cloverite was characterized and its evolution followed by 31P, 71Ga, 19F and 1H MAS NMR and several dipolar-coupling based double-resonance methods including 31P{71Ga} and 19F{71Ga} rotational-echo adiabatic passage double-resonance (REAPDOR), 31P{19F} and 19F{31P} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR), and 1H{31P} REDOR and 1H{71Ga} transfer of populations in double-resonance (TRAPDOR). The results indicate that upon mixing the Ga and P sources in the presence of structure directing agent (SDA) and HF, an amorphous oxyfluorinated gallophosphate precursor containing single 4-rings (4Rs) with alternating Ga–O–P linkage forms immediately. The Ga in the 4R is 6-coordinated and the two Ga in the 4R are bridged by a fluorine. Heating quickly converts the 4Rs to double four-membered rings (D4Rs), from which the entire CLO structure is built. The amount of the D4R rapidly increases with increasing heating time. The presence of fluoride ions greatly facilitates the formation of the 4Rs via bridging two Ga sites and the hydrothermal treatment promotes D4Rs via condensation. Interaction between SDA molecule and the phosphorus site in the gel is also probed. Further, the local structure of Ga sites in cloverite is characterized by 71Ga MAS NMR at ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T by obtaining their electric field gradient tensor parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".