Green Preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO Nanocomposite Photoanodes by Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aqueous-based electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of titania nanoparticles (Evonic's P25) was successfully applied to the fabrication of mesoporous electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Poor film adhesion and cracking arising from the electrolysis of water and interstitial water evaporation during drying were largely overcome via the selection of low EPD operating current density/DC voltage (0.1 mA cm−2/2.5-3.1 V) but more importantly the addition of zinc nitrate in a 5 vol.% isopropanol-water suspension. As a result, a composite nanostructured TiO2-ZnO film was fabricated. Photoelectrochemical characterization indicates that in-situ formation of ZnO causes suppression of charge recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface thus prolonging photoelectron lifetime. A 5.01% conversion efficiency was obtained under 1 sun illumination (100 mW·cm−2) of a 13 μm thick single transparent film. The efficiency was further improved to 6.19% upon further optimization via multi-layer construction of the transparent anatase film (18 μm thick) by repeated cycles of EPD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it