Chemical and Mineralogical Signatures of Archaeological Features at the Mailhot‐Curran Iroquoian Site, Eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The St. Lawrence Iroquoians built villages in southwestern Quebec (Canada) along the St. Lawrence River. They left behind longhouses, hearths, middens, and storage pits like those discovered at the Mailhot‐Curran archaeological site in Saint‐Anicet. Here, we contrast the properties of Iroquoian features with undisturbed soil to define the chemical and mineralogical signature of hearths, middens, and pits. The native soil has a neutral pH and consists of an Ah horizon overlaying a Bm horizon dominated by quartz and feldspars. In the hearths, ashes are characterized by neoformed calcite and apatite with carbonates, higher total P, and enrichment in amorphous inorganic Al, Fe, and Si. The rubified layer of hearths contain poorly crystallized Fe oxides. The mineralogy of the rubified layer is dominated by authigenetic ankerite, an Fe‐carbonate mineral identified here for the first time in Iroquoian hearths. Middens have the highest organic matter content and contain more organically complexed Al and Fe than the soil. The storage pits have low pH values and carbonate content and contain high levels of amorphous Si and total P. Our work establishes the pedologic signature of three Iroquoian features despite significant alteration of their properties by post‐occupational biogeochemical processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".