Supply of thermal ionospheric ions to the central plasma sheet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New observations from the Akebono satellite [ Cully et al., 2002 ] evaluate the magnitude and solar wind dependence of the thermal component of terrestrial ion outflow. In this paper, we address the eventual supply of <20 eV ions to the central plasma sheet (CPS) by tracing their trajectories using empirical models of the electric and magnetic fields. We show the flux of ionospheric origin ions across the surface bounding the CPS to be substantial and largely controlled by the convection electric field. We find that under times of enhanced convection, ionospheric ions preferentially supply the region where substorm activity is thought to originate, and that a reduction in the convection (as caused, for example, by a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)) immediately and dramatically reduces this supply. This effect arises due to the modification of the trajectories of “in‐flight” ions. It is postulated that this sudden reduction in CPS ion supply in response to a northward IMF turning may have consequences for substorm triggering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".