Bibliographic record
Abstract
Endothelin (ET), a 21-amino acid peptide secreted by the vascular endothelial cells, is frequently reported to be one of the most potent vasoconstrictors. ET induces endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and fibroblast dysfunction and is now well recognised as a contributor to the complex pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, a devastating chronic disease characterised by progressive vascular remodelling and occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles. ET produces its effects through the stimulation of two receptor subtypes, ETAand ETB, both of which are expressed on smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arterioles. Only the ETBreceptor is expressed on vascular endothelial cells. In pre-clinical studies, dual blockade of both receptor subtypes was shown to produce greater inhibition of ET-induced contraction compared with blockade of either of the two receptor subtypes alone. There is also evidence that both the ETAand ETBreceptors contribute to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Pre-clinical research in various models of pulmonary arterial hypertension suggests that simultaneous blockade of the two receptor subtypes would be an effective therapeutic approach in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This has been shown to be the case in a number of randomised controlled clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension due to a number of aetiologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".