CMOS Conductometric System for Growth Monitoring and Sensing of Bacteria
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the design and implementation of a prototype complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) conductometric integrated circuit (IC) for colony growth monitoring and specific sensing of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The detection of E. coli is done by employing T4 bacteriophages as receptor organisms. The conductometric system operates by measuring the resistance of the test sample between the electrodes of a two-electrode electrochemical system (reference electrode and working electrode). The CMOS IC is fabricated in a TSMC 0.35-μm process and uses a current-to-frequency (I to F) conversion circuit to convert the test sample resistance into a digital output modulated in frequency. Pulsewidth control (one-shot circuit) is implemented on-chip to control the pulsewidth of the output digital signal. The novelty in the current work lies in the ability of the CMOS sensor system to monitor very low initial concentrations of bacteria (4×10(2) to 4×10(4) colony forming unit (CFU)/mL). The CMOS system is also used to record the interaction between E. coli and its specific receptor T4 bacteriophage. The prototype CMOS IC consumes an average power of 1.85 mW with a 3.3-V dc power supply.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it