Interorganellar association mediates the efficient transfer of iron from endosome to mitochondria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a transition metal whose physicochemical properties make it the focus of vital biological processes in virtually all living organisms. Paradoxically, the same characteristics that biochemistry exploits make Fe a potentially lethal substance. Differentiating erythroid cells acquire vast amounts of Fe at a breakneck rate. After cells acquire Fe via receptor-mediated endocytosis, it is transferred from the endosome to the mitochondrial matrix where ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of the metal into protoporphyrin IX to form heme. Using both biochemical and microscopic strategies, we show that developing erythroid cells deliver the metal directly from endosome to mitochondrion, bypassing the cytosol. Reticulocytes whose cytosol was loaded with a membrane-impermeant Fe chelator elicited no decrease in Fe incorporation into heme when Fe was delivered to the cells by the physiological chelate, transferrin (Tf). Additionally live-cell imaging revealed a movement of Tf-containing structures to mitochondria which was associated with an increase in mitochondrial iron. Using electron microscopy we observed an interorganellar association of a tubular, Tf-containing network with mitochondria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".