Gender, religion and higher education: a century of Catholic women at the University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the experience of Catholic women as students, teachers, scholars and administrators at the University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto. The article is set within the context of current international scholarship on women and higher education, social history and feminist theory. The article focuses on two women's colleges – St. Joseph’s College, established by the French-founded and initially diocesan Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto, and Loretto College, established by the Irish-founded, pontifical Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The article argues that Catholic women in general, and women religious in particular, negotiated complex paths. Not only were they confronting the patriarchies of both the university and the Roman Catholic church, but they were also dealing with the pressures, supports and discrimination emerging from their religious, social and intellectual peers. The article concludes with suggestions for further international comparative studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".