Bibliographic record
Abstract
An adaptive frequency stabilization approach is presented which enables a low cost single oven oscillator, having an absolute frequency stability variation over temperature of 4 ppb/75C and ageing rate of 1 ppb/day to meet the time synchronization requirements of WiMAX and CDMA base stations during 24 hour holdover operation. It is demonstrated that for typical temperature variations experienced within the base station the local base station clock can be maintained within 1 micro-second of universal time coordinates for holdover time frames in excess of 24 hours. The stabilization approach enables the oscillator frequency stability to be decreased by 10 times with respect to temperature and 20 times with respect to ageing relative to incumbent solutions. Such a result is world class and has immediate cost and size benefit to the timing module. It is demonstrated that the power consumption of the base station oscillator can be reduced from that required by a DOCXO of 9.6 W to that of the OCXO at 3.5 W under worst case warm up conditions. In addition the supply voltage can be dropped from 12 V to 5 V removing the requirement for specialized power regulation systems. Reduction in the power supply requirements results in a reduction in the overall timing module footprint enabling migration of time base circuit from a stand alone module to its integration onto the radio modem card. System simulation, control loop algorithm implementation and hardware performance results are detailed demonstrating the working validity of the approach for next generation wireless base station timing modules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".