Direct sequence CDMA employing combined modulation schemes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In most direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems, the modulation scheme used is a simple one. In this paper, employing a combined modulation scheme in DS-CDMA is proposed. By combining two or more modulation schemes, the resultant symbol energy can be increased, and thus a better symbol error rate performance can be achieved. For the combined modulation scheme, the symbol error rate is determined by the less powerful one of the basic modulation schemes. So a proper selection of modulation combination is essential for power efficiency. In a DS-CDMA system, unlike a narrow-band system, the bandwidth efficiency is closely related to its power efficiency. Thus a combined modulation concept may result in a bandwidth efficient DS-CDMA system. In this paper, we present two DS-CDMA schemes by combining MFSK and coherent MPSK and differential BPSK. These two schemes are respectively denoted as (1) MFSK-MPSK/DS-CDMA, and (2) MFSK-DPSK/DS-CDMA. The proposed schemes have better performance than the conventional CDMA schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".