Condition assessment of distribution PILC cables from electrical and chemical measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrical and chemical diagnostic techniques were used to measure the condition of distribution paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cables. Moisture content titration, using the Karl-Fischer method, was performed on small samples of paper tapes taken from several full-length field-aged PILC cables. The nondestructive electrical tests performed in the laboratory on the same cable samples were: the isothermal relaxation current (IRC), the LIpATEST leakage current test, the return voltage method (RVM), and dielectric spectroscopy. The electrical techniques ranked the cables consistently and it appears that the water content of the insulation is not the only factor influencing the dielectric losses and depolarization currents. In fact, the predictions made by the electrical tests do not agree at all with the moisture content measured by Karl-Fischer titration. It seems that moisture contents in paper-insulated systems deduced from dielectric or return voltage methods could be erroneous because several polarization. processes (other than water) may be present during the aging in service. More cables need to be tested to confirm these preliminary findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".