Measurement of Geotextile-Water Characteristic Curves Using a Controlled Outflow Capillary Pressure Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present paper describes the use of a controlled outflow capillary pressure cell for the measurement of geotextile-water characteristic curves. Fine sand with a known soil-water characteristic curve and a geotextile column drainage experiment were used to validate the controlled outflow cell. The controlled outflow cell was also used to measure drainage geotextile-water characteristic curves for one, three, and six vertically stacked nonwoven geotextile specimen layers. Test results indicate the following: (i) the controlled outflow cell can measure a complete nonwoven drainage geotextile-water characteristic curve with a water entry pressure of 50 mm; (ii) vertical stacking of the nonwoven geotextile has little influence on the geotextile-water characteristic curve; and (iii) a geotextile-water characteristic curve can be measured in less time when compared with Klute’s method. Test results also indicate that ASTM D 854 may be used to determine the specific gravity of the nonwoven geotextile.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".