Doppler Imaging of the Ap star<i>ϵ</i>Ursae Majoris: Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Sr
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surface abundance structure of seven elements of the brightest chemically peculiar A-type star, ϵ Ursae Majoris (ϵ UMa, HD 112185, HR 4905) has been determined. Cr, Fe and, Mn are enhanced at the magnetic polar region of ϵ UMa while they avoid the magnetic equator. Sr seems to behave like Cr, Fe, and Mn, but is concentrated only at one of the two magnetic poles. Ti, in contrast, is accumulated at the magnetic equator and is depleted where Cr and Fe are accumulated, in accordance with theoretical predictions. Mg and Ca do not correlate with the distribution of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Sr or with Ti. The surface distribution of Mn, Sr, Ti, and Mg was determined for the first time for this star. A Doppler Imaging code was used that allows to analyse elements present in complex spectral line blends and thus to increase significantly the potential to map more elements. We compare our Cr and Fe distributions to already published maps. The high consistency of our results, based on different observations and Doppler Imaging codes, proves the reliability of the different methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".