Mantle cavity water oxygen partial pressure (<i>P</i><scp>o</scp><sub>2</sub>) in marine molluscs aligns with lifestyle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine invertebrates with open circulatory system establish low and constant oxygen partial pressure (Po2) around their tissues. We hypothesized that as a first step towards maintenance of low haemolymph and tissue oxygenation, the Po2in molluscan mantle cavity water should be lowered against normoxic (21 kPa) seawater Po2, but balanced high enough to meet the energetic requirements in a given species. We recorded Po2in mantle cavity water of five molluscan species with different lifestyles, two pectinids ( Aequipecten opercularis , Pecten maximus ), two mud clams ( Arctica islandica , Mya arenaria ), and a limpet ( Patella vulgata ). All species maintain mantle cavity water oxygenation below normoxic Po2. Average mantle cavity water Po2correlates positively with standard metabolic rate (SMR): highest in scallops and lowest in mud clams. Scallops show typical Po2frequency distribution, with peaks between 3 and 10 kPa, whereas mud clams and limpets maintain mantle water Po2mostly <5 kPa. Only A. islandica and P. vulgata display distinguishable temporal patterns in Po2time series. Adjustment of mantle cavity Po2to lower than ambient levels through controlled pumping prevents high oxygen gradients between bivalve tissues and surrounding fluid, limiting oxygen flux across the body surface. The patterns of Po2in mantle cavity water correspond to molluscan ecotypes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".