Molecular phylogeny of the North American <i>Simulium malyschevi</i> ‐group species (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated species limits and phylogenetic relationships among chromosomally distinct North American members of the Simulium malyschevi species‐group. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses were conducted based on 12S , COII , cyt b and ITS‐1 gene sequences. In terms of species limits, monophyly was highly supported for each chromosomally and morphologically distinct taxon analysed ( S. decimatum , S. defoliarti , S. malyschevi , and S. murmanum ). In contrast, support for monophyly of morphologically homogeneous S. arcticum complex members was significant only in one case ( S. saxosum ) and not the other ( S. negativum ). Considering the overall topology, three principal conclusions were drawn: (i) the status of S. subvariegatum as a member of the S. malyschevi species‐group remains uncertain. This species either was excluded from the malyschevi ‐group or formed a sister group with S. malyschevi at the base of the tree; (ii) although S. murmanum and S. decimatum branch after S. malyschevi , the position of the two species relative to each other remains unresolved; and (iii) the structurally homogeneous S. arcticum species complex was not monophyletic due to the inclusion of S. defoliarti . Further investigation may warrant changes to current malyschevi ‐group classification. Molecular datasets alone may be insufficient for resolving relationships among particular lineages of black flies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".