A model test and numerical investigation on the shear deformation patterns of deep wall–soil–tunnel interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In congested urban areas, tunnel excavations have become necessary due to a lack of space. In many cases, such excavations are needed in areas adjacent to existing loaded piles. Therefore, a careful assessment of the wall–soil–tunnel interaction is required. These circumstances are relatively new, however, and only limited information is currently available. The complicated soil behaviour, particularly for the shear failure pattern between the wall and tunnel observed in both physical tests and numerical analyses, has not been clearly identified by other researchers. The authors have conducted laboratory model tests on an idealized granular medium using close-range photogrammetric techniques to measure detailed displacement patterns. The results have been compared with those from numerical analyses. This paper presents shear failure patterns for a number of geometries and shows good agreement between the physical tests and the finite element analyses.Key words: tunnel excavation, shear deformation patterns, wall–soil–tunnel interaction, model tests, photogrammetry, finite element analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".