CAM04-5: Toward Understanding the Behavior of BGP During Large-Scale Power Outages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the Internet continues to thrive, the resiliency of its fundamental routing infrastructure is not fully understood. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of the de facto inter-domain routing protocol, BGP, during a large-scale power outage that affected the connectivity of 3,175 networks in dozens of cities in the eastern USA and Canada. By observing proper metrics of BGP, we study BGP behavior from both the global level and the prefix level. At the global level, our results show that many global BGP metrics remained stable during the blackout event; importantly, we do not find an increase in the number of BGP announcements, a metric that has been primarily used to indicate significant changes in routing. However, we observe an apparent increase in the number of withdrawals. At the prefix level, we introduce per-prefix AS-path graphs and study their evolution for affected prefixes during the blackout; we have found that in such graphs there is a sharp decrease in the number of edges and nodes as well as changes in node degrees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".