The Cygnus superbubble revisited
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Orion local spiral arm is seen tangential towards the Cygnus region. Intense radio emission with quite a complex morphology is observed, which appears to be surrounded by strong soft X-ray emission. This remarkable X-ray structure is known as the Cygnus superbubble. We compare a recent 1.4 GHz radio continuum and polarization map from the Effelsberg 100-m telescope with X-ray data from the ROSAT all-sky survey of this area. Including available survey data of the infrared, Hi and CO emission, we investigate a number of high latitude features, which are physically related to one of the Cygnus OB associations. These OB associations, however, are located along the local arm at different distances. Our results support the view that the Cygnus superbubble is not a physical unity, but results from a projection of unrelated X-ray emitting features at different distances blown out from the local arm seen along the line of sight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".