Reaction Monitoring of Glycerol Step‐Growth Polymerization Using ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The sustainable step‐growth polymerization of glycerol is monitored in‐line and off‐line using an ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic probe. The concentration of hydroxyl groups is monitored to provide real‐time conversion data using a univariate method. Traditional off‐line techniques, i.e., hydroxyl value calculation and water production monitoring, are compared to in‐line and off‐line ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Fouling of the probe is observed beyond 42 mol% conversion of hydroxyl groups. No statistically significant differences are found between the conversion data from off‐line/in‐line ATR‐FTIR and two other methods at a 95% confidence level prior to fouling, and this confirms that ATR‐FTIR is a reliable tool for monitoring conversion for production of oligoglycerols from a renewable feedstock. magnified image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".