Influence of electrode geometry on breakdown in mercury vapor in crossed electric and magnetic fields
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an electrical discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields, electrons describe cycloidal paths between collisions causing many more collisions with gas molecules. As a result, the crossed magnetic field exerts a considerable influence on the Townsend first ionization coefficients alpha and gamma . These coefficients are a function of E/N, where E is the electric field and N is the gas number density, and determine the sparking potential of a uniform electric field geometry of the electrodes. In a nonuniform electric field geometry such as that which exists in a coaxial cylindrical geometry, the Townsend criterion will yield the corona inception potential. In the present work, the sparking voltages in the presence of electric and magnetic fields are examined with the ratios of the electrode diameters as parameters and varying in the range of 2 to 50. The lower value represents a quasi-uniform electric field and the higher values highly nonuniform fields. To facilitate these calculations the electron energy distribution in electric fields alone is examined first. Using the energy distribution function, the mean energy and drift velocities are calculated and compared with available results. The theory is then extended to a crossed magnetic field to calculate the current multiplication. It is shown that a magnetic field increases the breakdown voltage according to the effective reduced electric field concept.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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