A Rank-Switching, Open-Row DRAM Controller for Time-Predictable Systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce ROC, a Rank-switching, Open-row Controller for Double Data Rate Dynamic RAM (DDR DRAM). ROC is optimized for mixed-criticality multicore systems using modern DDR devices: compared to existing real-time memory controllers, it provides significantly lower worst case latency bounds for hard real-time tasks and supports throughput-oriented optimizations for soft real-time applications. The key to improved performance is an innovative rank-switching mechanism which hides the latency of write-read transitions in DRAM devices without requiring unpredictable request reordering. We further employ open row policy to take advantage of the data caching mechanism (row buffering) in each device. ROC provides complete timing isolation between hard and soft tasks and allows for compositional timing analysis over the number of cores and memory ranks in the system. We implemented and synthesized the ROC back end in Verilog RTL, and evaluated its performance on both synthetic tasks and a set of representative benchmarks.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it