Regulation of the sodium pump during cardiomyocyte adaptation to pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New findings What is the central question of this study? Pregnancy leads to sustained increases in cardiac output and stroke volume. The cellular mechanisms underlying the associated changes in myocardial function are poorly understood. We investigated the role of the sodium pump in the functional adaptations of cardiomyocytes to normal pregnancy. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that in normal pregnancy the expression of the α1 Na+–K+‐ATPase isoform is reduced in cardiomyocytes, and there is decreased sodium pump membrane current and elevated steady‐state intracellular sodium. Our findings suggest an important role for reduced expression and activity of the myocardial membrane sodium pump in the cardiac adaptations to pregnancy. Regulation of the sodium pump during normal pregnancy and its effect on the function of cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate the possible implication of the Na+–K+‐ATPase, the sodium pump which controls cellular ionic and metabolic homeostasis, in the adaptations of cardiomyocytes to normal pregnancy. We have used Western blots and patch‐clamp measurements to identify changes in the sodium pump proteins. Confocal microscopy was applied to estimate intracellular sodium concentration. Time‐resolved spectroscopy was employed to measure mitochondrial NAD(P)H fluorescence and estimate oxidative metabolic state. Optical microscopy was adopted to study the contractility responses of cardiomyocytes. Cells from non‐pregnant and pregnant rats (1 day prior parturition) were studied. Our results showed lower protein expression of the α1 Na+–K+‐ATPase isoform in cardiomyocytes in pregnant rats, decreased sodium pump membrane current and elevated steady‐state sodium concentration. In addition, ouabain, the inhibitor of the sodium pump capable of increasing cardiomyocyte contractility in non‐pregnant rats in a concentration‐dependent manner, failed to affect cell contractions in pregnant rats. We also noted modified responsiveness of the mitochondrial metabolic state to ouabain in cardiac cells. The gathered data confirmed that in pregnant rats, the sodium pump protein content and transmembrane flux are decreased, while the sensitivity of cardiomyocyte contractility and the sensitivity of mitochondrial metabolic redox state to ouabain are modified, pointing to regulation of the Na+–K+‐ATPase during cardiac cell adaptations to normal pregnancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".