Effect of Abutment Shear Keys on the Seismic Response of Bridges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seismic analysis results of typical post-tensioned concrete bridges are presented considering the nonlinear behavior of transverse abutment shear. Current Caltrans and AASHTO bridge design criteria present overly general assumptions for the boundary conditions provided by abutment shear keys. This work uses a suite of ground acceleration time histories to compare the code specified assumptions to a more rigorous abutment shear key model that includes the lateral gap between the superstructure and the keys as well as the non-linear material response of the key itself. With the exception of the abutment shear key elements, the bridges are modeled using linear-elastic frame elements, as is typical in practice. Results of a sensitivity analysis are presented for typical parameters, including: record variability, bridge skew, bridge length, and bent heights. The analysis results precede a discussion which demonstrates the necessity for experimental work on this topic to verify the adequacy of the existing design code.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".