A Canadian perspective on engineering strain measurements by neutron diffractionSpecial issue on Neutron Scattering in Canada.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The origins of the method, which relies on the high penetration of thermal neutrons through most industrial materials, in the late 1970s and 1980s and its development up to the present time are described. The basic steps from the measurement of lattice spacing to the calculation of stress are outlined. The length scales on which strains and stresses are manifest have a bearing on the interpretation of strain in terms of stress. A number of examples of macroscopic strain or stress fields are described where these scale considerations, as well as gradients of solute concentration that affect the interpretation of strain, matter. The strains on the length scale of the grains provide useful information about the elasticity and plasticity of materials, particularly in materials of lower symmetry than cubic. Finally, a number of future directions are suggested, which are enabled by the new intense neutron sources and improved equipment built in the last few years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".