A Novel, High-Dynamic-Range, High-Speed, and High-Sensitivity CMOS Imager Using Time-Domain Single-Photon Counting and Avalanche Photodiodes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avalanche photodiodes used in Geiger mode as single-photon counters have become very attractive imaging tools. High-speed single-photon imaging can be used in very low-light-level applications such as surveillance and security imaging, quantum computing, and biomedical imaging including bioluminescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, a typical avalanche-based single-photon detector cannot offer the high dynamic range that is needed for many biomedical and surveillance applications. In this paper, we show how a single-photon detector can be used in time domain for high-dynamic-range applications. We also discuss novel techniques to implement the time-domain single-photon imager in mainstream deep-submicrometer CMOS technology. The designed imager offers high dynamic range and high sensitivity, while maintaining high-speed operation and low cost.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it