Maps in the Marketplace: Cartographic Vendors and Their Customers in Eighteenth-Century America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sale and purchase of maps, charts, atlases, and globes in colonial British America and the early United States has received little scholarly attention. Most discussions of the eighteenth-century map trade have concerned activities in Europe or have focused on the production, rather than the consumption, of cartographic products. For much of the eighteenth century, the American map trade consisted of a wide variety of retailers selling more-or-less contemporary English products. But French-, German-, Dutch-, and American-made maps, and the occasional antiquarian map or atlas, could also be found on the market. Ownership of cartographic products has been documented among a diverse group of individuals, ranging from physicians and clergymen to farmers and blacksmiths. Drawing upon sources such as newspaper advertisements, booksellers’ catalogues, correspondence, business accounts, subscription lists, and court documents, this article provides an overview of the American map trade during the period from 1700 to 1800.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".