Oxidation studies of Au‐Al alloys using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The oxidation of thin‐film Au‐ Al alloy, as well as pure Al, has been studied using XPS across a wide range of water vapour and air exposures (0.1 L to 1 × 10 14 L). The alloys and the pure Al all undergo a similar set of oxide growth kinetics. In addition to the three stages of early growth kinetics identified for Al in previous studies, a fourth stage is identified at air exposure doses of >10 9 L. During this stage, the average composition of the film changes from Al 2 O 3 to Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O. The Al 2p lineshapes for the oxides grown on pure Al and Au‐Al alloy are different; the origins of this appear to result, in part, from a change in the Fermi level as the oxide thickens. The Al L 2,3 X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) furthermore provides a complementary probe of the different oxide structures on alloy and Al metal. Thus, their chemical characteristics are affected also by the presence of the gold. This difference in oxide structure is detected at the interface and not through the oxide generally. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".