A 2-D Signal Processing Model to Predict the Effect of Mutual Coupling on Array Factor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A semi-analytical method for modeling the effects of electromagnetic mutual coupling in uniform linear array (ULA) of N antennas is proposed. The coupling is described as a two-dimensional (2-D) spatiotemporal transfer function derived from S-parameter measurements. The proposed 2-D transfer function enables prediction of the distortions in array factor due to coupling, and thereby enables the potential design of coupling-compensation algorithms. The method is verified with simulations in the 1.5-2.0-GHz range on both an N=7-element ULA using CST Microwave Studio using 50- Ω terminations and a N=3-element ULA in FEKO but with non-50 Ω impedance obtained from measurements of a CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA). Coupling effect on array factor of delay-sum-type beamformer was examined. The proposed model matches within an error of 4%-12% and 4%-10% with respect to the results from two full-wave electromagnetic simulators CST Microwave Studio and FEKO, respectively, in the frequency range 1.75-2 GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".