Regional Differences in Ground-Motion Amplitudes of Small-to-Moderate Earthquakes across North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| October 01, 2013 Regional Differences in Ground‐Motion Amplitudes of Small‐to‐Moderate Earthquakes across North America Alireza Babaie Mahani; Alireza Babaie Mahani University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience, ES 142, 2500 University Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canadaababaeim@ucalgary.cababaiemahani@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gail M. Atkinson Gail M. Atkinson Western University, Department of Earth Sciences, BGS 1068, 1151 Richmond Street, North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Alireza Babaie Mahani University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience, ES 142, 2500 University Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canadaababaeim@ucalgary.cababaiemahani@gmail.com Gail M. Atkinson Western University, Department of Earth Sciences, BGS 1068, 1151 Richmond Street, North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 14 Jul 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-3573 Print ISSN: 0037-1106 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2013) 103 (5): 2604–2620. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120350 Article history First Online: 14 Jul 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Alireza Babaie Mahani, Gail M. Atkinson; Regional Differences in Ground‐Motion Amplitudes of Small‐to‐Moderate Earthquakes across North America. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2013;; 103 (5): 2604–2620. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120350 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search Abstract We studied the response spectral amplitudes and peak ground acceleration (PGA) of earthquakes with moment magnitude (M) from 3.0 to 6.0 to investigate regional differences in ground‐motion amplitudes across North America on a nonparametric basis, for a common National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program B/C site condition (e.g., shear‐wave velocity of 760 m/s in the top 30 m of the soil column). We use southern California as the reference region because it has the most plentiful data against which to compare other regions. Amplitudes of response spectra in eastern Canada/northeastern United States become increasingly larger than those in southern California as distance, frequency, and magnitude increases. In the central United States, ground‐motion amplitudes are larger than those in southern California at distances more than 100 km (and lower at distances less than 100 km), over all frequency and magnitude ranges studied. Amplitudes for crustal events in the Pacific Northwest/British Columbia are lower than those in southern California at frequencies ≥1 Hz, over all magnitude and distance ranges (but have similar amplitudes below 1 Hz). Amplitudes in northern California are similar to those in southern California at low frequencies (below 3.3 Hz) but have lower amplitudes at high frequencies (PGA) over all distances and magnitudes. We conclude that regional amplitude differences are largely attributable to complex frequency‐dependent differences in regional attenuation. For example, the slope of apparent geometric spreading at distances less than 100 km is significantly steeper (more negative) in eastern Canada/northeastern United States than other regions and may be frequency dependent. The regional attributes of the attenuation comparisons appear to be the same for both vertical and horizontal components, at least for B/C site conditions.Online Material: Figures of region‐dependent ground‐motion amplitudes, apparent geometric spreading, statistical tests of the ground motions, and figures and table of ratios of ground motions relative to those from southern California. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".