Platelet‐Rich Plasma Inhibits Mechanically Induced Injury in Chondrocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on mechanically injured chondrocytes. METHODS: PRP from bovine whole blood was activated to prepare platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRPr). Bovine articular chondrocytes were subjected to 16%, 0.5-Hz biaxial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) for 48 hours and cultured for another 24 hours without cell stretching as an in vitro model of mechanically injured chondrocytes. Culture medium in the 3 PRP- and CTS-treated groups was supplemented with 10% PRPr at the start of CTS, after 24 hours of CTS, and after 48 hours of CTS, respectively. Gene expression levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 were quantitatively evaluated. Changes in the content of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), MMP-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in the culture medium were also measured. RESULTS: PRPr increased type II collagen and aggrecan messenger RNA expression; diminished CTS-dependent up-regulation of MMP-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression; and reduced CTS-induced overproduction of NO and PGE2 when PRPr was applied early at the start of CTS. The addition of PRPr after 24 hours of CTS only inhibited MMP-3 gene up-regulation and the increase of NO and PGE2 induced by CTS. These changes were not observed when PRPr was supplemented after 48 hours of CTS. PRPr mitigated the increased MMP-3 production and decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 secretion resulting from CTS in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: PRP treatment ameliorated multiple CTS-mediated catabolic and inflammatory responses in chondrocytes. More beneficial effects were observed with early PRP application. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intra-articular PRP injections at the beginning of strenuous exercises may be used to protect chondrocytes from mechanical injury, thus preventing joints from increased wear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".