Bibliographic record
Abstract
Debris flow is generally composed of a wide range of solid particles and viscous pore fluid. It flows at a high velocity down a slope channel. Interactions between solid and fluid phases affected by multiple parameters govern the rheological properties of debris flows. A dimensional analysis for a systematic study of the governing parameters is presented. Multiple dimensionless numbers with clear physical meanings are critically reviewed. The applications of field data to the studying of natural debris flows are demonstrated. Specific values of dimensionless numbers for classifying flow regimes of large-scale natural debris flows are obtained. Compared with previous small-scale physical model tests, this study shows that the contact friction between particles dominates in natural debris flows. In addition, the solid inertial stress due to particle collisions and the pore-fluid viscous shearing stress play key roles in governing the dynamic properties of debris flows. The channel width as a confinement to the flows can affect the solids discharge per unit width significantly. A dimensionless number related to pore-fluid pressure dissipation is also found that can satisfactorily distinguish between surge flows and continuous flows in the field.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".