Hydrogen-rich water-alleviated ultraviolet-B-triggered oxidative damage is partially associated with the manipulation of the metabolism of (iso)flavonoids and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
External administration of hydrogen gas (H2) benefits plants from multiple environmental stimuli. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of H2 in ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation are largely unexplored. Here, the biological function of H2 in the regulation of plant UVB-tolerance was investigated by using hydrogen-rich water (HRW). Results showed that the exposure of alfalfa seedlings to UVB irradiation increased endogenous H2 production. Pretreatment with HRW mimicked the UVB-induced endogenous H2 production. Corresponding UVB-triggered toxic symptoms, in terms of lipid peroxidation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the subsequent growth inhibition, were markedly mitigated. Metabolic profiling analysis by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS), identified 40 (iso)flavonoids in UVB-treated alfalfa plants, with 22 kinds was increased by HRW. These changes resulted in the alternation of (iso)flavonoids profile, with the effective promotion of isoflavone and flavanone subfamilies in particular. These compounds included afromosin, afromosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-malonate, daidzein, formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6''-O-malonate, garbanzol, matteucin and naringenin. In vitro tests further showed that the HRW-modulated (iso)flavonoids profile upon UVB stress possessed advanced ROS-quenching and antioxidant capacities under our experimental conditions. Meanwhile, UVB-triggered upregulation in the transcription levels of (iso)flavonoids biosynthetic-related genes were substantially strengthened by HRW. The activities and related transcripts of representative antioxidant enzymes were also induced. Taken together, our findings indicate that HRW confers tolerance to UVB-induced oxidative damage partially by the manipulation of (iso)flavonoids metabolism and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa L.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".