Wide-band 138 kV distributed-sensor optical voltage transducer: study of accuracy under pollution and other field disturbances
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 138 kV optical voltage transducer (VT) using shielded distributed electric field sensors is presented for use in high-voltage (HV) electric power transmission systems. Since HV and ground are kept far apart, the VT does not require oil or SF/sub 6/ for insulation; instead, it uses the environmentally friendly dry nitrogen as an insulating gas. A prototype has been tested for accuracy under various severe field disturbances including the presence of conductive pollution-like layers on the insulator and the presence of other HV sources nearby. The test results show that the VT meets IEC 0.2% and IEEE 0.3% accuracy classes under these extreme field disturbances. Data that demonstrates wide bandwidth of the VT are also presented. Another prototype has been tested and has successfully passed standard IEC HV dielectric withstand tests including power frequency withstand at 275 kV, partial discharge <5 pC, lightning impulse tests (BIL) at /spl plusmn/650 kV, and chopped impulse tests at -750 kV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".