Design and analysis of metastable-hardened flip-flops in sub-threshold region
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flip-flop metastability is becoming an important consideration for designing reliable synchronous and asynchronous systems, especially in the sub-threshold region where it degrades exponentially with the reduction in supply voltage. In this paper, detailed analysis is given on the design of metastable-hardened flip-flops in the sub-threshold region. Proper transistor sizing using either transconductance or load variation along with implementing the inverter pair in the flip-flop master-stage with low-V th can result in significant reduction in the time-resolving constant τ. Extensive simulation results have shown that the optimum metastability-power-delay-product (MPDP) design allows the flip-flops to improve its metastability with a more balanced design tradeoff between performance and power consumption.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it