Umbilical vein testosterone in female infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome is elevated to male levels
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is poorly understood, but an intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment has been implicated. This study was designed to assess whether the female offspring of mothers with PCOS are exposed to raised levels of testosterone (T) in utero. In this case-control study, three groups of pregnant women were recruited from the labour ward: PCOS women with a female baby (n = 10, PCOS girls); control women with a female baby (n = 20, control girls) and control women with a male baby (n = 10, control boys). Maternal and umbilical vein (UV) blood was assayed for T levels. UV T in PCOS girls was significantly raised, compared with control girls (p < 0.012). The difference in UV T between PCOS girls and control boys was not significant (p < 0.254). This is the first demonstration of a hyperandrogenic in utero environment in PCOS pregnancies; UV T in female infants is raised to male levels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it