Modification of Steelmaking Slag by Additions of Salts from Aluminum Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The most common slag fluidiser in steelmaking is fluorspar, a mineral primarily composed of CaF 2 . Because of increasing consumption and decreasing availability of inexpensive fluorspar, steelmakers are seeking alternative means of achieving slag fluidity. One possible alternative to fluorspar is salt cake from secondary aluminium production. This salt is obtained from the used flux in remelting aluminium scrap and dross. This material is widely available and considered toxic (meaning that use in steelmaking helps to reduce environmental impacts from disposal). This project is an investigation of salt cake as a replacement for fluorspar in slag-fluidising applications by viscosity measurements and mass loss measurements at high temperatures (to evaluate the amounts of gases formed). In addition, characterisation of raw materials and melted slags by XRD, chemical analysis, and EPMA have been undertaken. The salt cake addition has a positive effect on slag fluidity, and shows promise for use in steelmaking slags.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".