Error performance of double differential PSK on Rician fading channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An analysis of adjacent and nonadjacent double differential M-ary PSK (M-ary D/sup 2/PSK) on the Rician channel is presented. The probability density function of the first-order phase error (FOPE) and the probability density functions of the second-order phase error (SOPE) for both adjacent and nonadjacent D/sup 2/PSK on a fading channel have been derived. Asymptotic approximations for these PDFs are proposed in the case of channels with weak fading (including the AWGN channel) and high signal-to-noise ratio. For nonadjacent D/sup 2/PSK with independent FOPEs a simplified PDF of SOPE has been obtained. The derived PDFs allow one to calculate the error performance of D/sup 2/PSK, as well as DPSK, on the Rician channel, including the AWGN channel and the Rayleigh channel, and to verify some results obtained in earlier publications for D/sup 2/PSK on the AWGN channel.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".