LINGULIDE RESPONSE TO SEVERE STORMS RECORDED IN MIDDLE TRIASSIC STRATA OF NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The distribution and significance of lingulide brachiopods (Lingularia selwyni Whiteaves) and the trace fossil Lingulichnus in storm-generated, subtidal sandstone beds in the upper Toad and Liard formations of northeastern British Columbia is summarized. Storm-generated sandstone beds from two depositional environments (proximal offshore to offshore transition and lower shoreface) were analyzed. Lingulide material is present in only a small proportion of the storm-generated sandstone beds in the study interval. This distribution is interpreted to reflect the inherent patchiness of infaunal communities both in pre- and post-event communities. Middle Triassic lingulides, like their extant relatives, were capable of (1) surviving storm-induced burial by extending their burrows upward and reconnecting with the sediment-water interface; (2) surviving storm-induced exhumation and transport; and (3) reinhabiting the sediment and reestablishing themselves in new settings after relocation by storms. Depositional environment played a pivotal role in the likelihood that individual lingulides survived storm events. Lingulide faunas deposited in the proximal offshore to offshore transition experienced up to 15%–25% mortality during storm events with most storm survivors (90%–95%) able to reestablish themselves in feeding position at the sediment-water interface. Lingulide faunas deposited in lower shoreface settings experienced considerably higher mortality, with ∼60%–75% of the animals dying prior to the end of the storm and a further ∼45% surviving the storm events but failing to reestablish themselves at the sediment-water interface in life position. Escape burrowing and reburrowing following exhumation, entrainment, and transport are fundamental adaptations for infauna occupying such dynamic depositional settings as the subtidal littoral zone (neritic zone). This ability was likely integral in the long-term success of lingulides in Phanerozoic marine successions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".