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Record W2126196216 · doi:10.1109/icdar.1995.598947

A new system for reading handwritten zip codes

2002· article· en· W2126196216 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicHandwritten Text Recognition Techniques
Canadian institutionsConcordia University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsZip codeComputer scienceNumerical digitSet (abstract data type)Reading (process)Code (set theory)ArithmeticSpeech recognitionSymbol (formal)Test setPattern recognition (psychology)Digit recognitionArtificial intelligenceArtificial neural networkMathematicsProgramming languageDatabase

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A new method of reading the handwritten zip codes in the U.S. Postal Services CD-ROM database is presented. Zip code images are binarized, segmented and recognised. A recognition driven method for splitting multiple connected digits has been developed; for grouping together of broken digits, the system targets components with near-touching stroke tips, 5-hats, and 4-Ls. The digit recogniser is a majority vote combination of 3 neural networks with a zero rejection performance of 96.53% on the 2711 imperfectly segmented digits in the cedarbs test set. With digit splitting capability disabled, the system performance on the 930 whole zip codes of the test set is 61.0% correct with no errors when up to two rejected symbol positions are allowed. With digit splitting enabled the performance rises to 66.3%.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.585
Threshold uncertainty score0.464

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.250
Teacher spread0.221 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations30
Published2002
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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