Role of Real-Time Molecular Typing in the Surveillance of <i>Campylobacter</i> Enteritis and Comparison of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Profiles from Chicken and Human Isolates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess the contribution of real-time molecular typing, used alone or with clinical surveillance, to the prompt identification of clusters of Campylobacter enteritis. Potential poultry sources were sought by comparing the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of human and fresh whole retail chicken isolates collected during the same study period. Among 183 human isolates, 82 (45%) had unique genotypes, 72 (39%) represented 26 clusters of 2 to 7 isolates each, and 29 (16%) represented three clusters of 8 to 11 isolates each. Molecular typing was useful for the confirmation of outbreaks suspected on the basis of epidemiological surveillance, but for most small clusters, no epidemiological link could be established. Thus, the added value of real-time molecular typing is questionable, since the numerous small clusters identified were of unclear public health significance. Among 177 chickens, 41 (23%) yielded campylobacter isolates; of these, 19 (46%) had genotypes similar to those of 41 (22%) human isolates. However, a temporal association was demonstrated in only a minority of cases, and most genotypes were present only in a single species, suggesting that sources other than chickens are important in human campylobacteriosis. Further investigation with samples from water and other possible environmental sources is needed to define the most efficient strategy for the application of molecular typing and identification of the source(s) of sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".