Degradation of Antibiotics (Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole) Pollutants Using UV and TiO2 in Aqueous Medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiment was carried out in two parts to investigate the degradation profile of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, antibacterial compounds in aqueous phase. In the first part of study, the effects of UV and TiO2 on two antibiotics using the UV-water flow system (UVWFS) were examined. Obtained results revealed that trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole pronounced 44 to 45% and 6 to 314% elevated rate of degradation in two TiO2 doses, 0.05 and 0.1 g/l treatments with UV than only UV treatments which affords to draw a substantial conclusion that though both UV and TiO2 have a crucial impact but the synergistic photocatalytic effects of the TiO2 with UV attributes a rapid and higher degree of degradation of antibiotics compared to that of only UV at the same water flow rate. In this context, it may also be observed that effect of the dose of TiO2 was very little in trimethoprim degradation but a significantly greater effects was revealed in sulphamethoxazole that indicating same number of TiO2 molecules acted more favourably on higher number of sulphamethoxazole molecules than trimethoprim by photocatalytic activity which enhancing the rate of degradation reaction resulting in the rapid decrease of sulphamethoxazole concentration level in water. In second part of the study, three (15, 42 and 80 cc/min) water flow rates were employed using UVWFS maintaining same UV and TiO2 dose 0.1 g/l to ascertain the effect of water flow rate in the antibiotic transformation process. The degradation efficiency in 80 cc/min water flow treatment was 113 and 61% higher in trimethoprim and 103 and 51% higher in sulphamethoxazole compared to that of 15 and 42 cc/min water flow treatments, respectively which clearly indicated that the rate of water flow is a paramount important, largely influencing the photocatalysis reaction process of TiO2 and UV with antibiotics in water medium possibly enhancing movement velocity of their molecules. Besides it, trimethoprim degraded rapidly over sulphamethoxazole which might be inferred that higher water flow substantially increases the rate of oxidation and photocatalytic transformation of trimethoprim over sulphamethoxazole in the presence of TiO2 and UV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".